I'm not the most knowledgeable about the Premier League, but I'll give you a quick run down of what I know.
Current Premier League table (standings):
Top four teams (currently Arsenal, Man CIty, Man United, Tottenham) qualify for the Champions League, along with the top teams from other leagues across Europe.
Fifth place qualifies for Europa League, a step below Premier League, but the winner automatically qualifies for the Champions League next season.
Bottom three teams at the end of the season are relegated to the Championship League, with the top three teams from the Championship being promoted to the Premier League.
Points can be earned for each match: 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss.
The teams most often in contention for the Premier League title are the Big Six, aka big money clubs: Arsenal, Man City, Man United, Tottenham, Liverpool, and Chelsea. Newcastle United aren't a traditional Big Six team, but they were bought by the Saudis last year, so they now have unlimited money and will probably be a staple in the top half of the table from here on out.
Oh, and Alabama-Auburn is nothing compared to these rivalries.
